In recent decades, the increasing complexity of urban issues and the expansion of natural and human-induced hazards have highlighted the growing necessity of focusing on urban resilience. In this context, good urban governance, as a key approach, can provide the foundation for enhancing the capacity of local communities—particularly in vulnerable informal settlements—to effectively withstand and recover from crises. The present study aims to examine the relationship between the components of good urban governance and those of urban resilience in the Mikaeilabad neighborhood of Maragheh City (an informal settlement). The research is fundamental–applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature and method. The statistical population consists of the residents of the Mikaeilabad neighborhood, and based on Cochran’s formula with a 95% confidence level and a 7% margin of error, a sample size of 373 individuals was determined. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Spearman statistical tests were employed. The findings indicate a significant and strong relationship between the components of good urban governance and urban resilience in informal settlements. Among the governance dimensions, the consensus orientation dimension exhibited the highest correlation with resilience (r = 0.962), while the accountability dimension showed the lowest (r = 0.862). Therefore, strengthening various dimensions of good urban governance—particularly consensus orientation and citizen participation—can serve as a fundamental strategy for enhancing the resilience of informal settlements against crises.